Tech World: Understanding how AI is used in cyberbullying

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed communication, creativity and access to information. Unfortunately, it has also introduced new and more sophisticated forms of cyberbullying. For educators, parents and students in Kenya, understanding how AI is used in online harassment is the first step toward prevention and protection.

One of the most alarming uses of AI in cyberbullying is the creation of a tool called deepfakes. AI tools can generate realistic images, videos or audio clips that appear to show someone saying or doing something they never did. A student’s face can be digitally placed onto inappropriate images, or their voice cloned to fabricate embarrassing recordings. These manipulated files can spread quickly through social media and messaging platforms, causing humiliation and psychological distress.

AI is also used to generate fake social media profiles. Bullies can create convincing accounts impersonating classmates or teachers, using AI-generated profile pictures and automated messaging. These accounts may spread false information, send hurtful messages or damage reputations. With the fact that the content appears polished and authentic, victims often struggle to prove it is fake.

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Another emerging threat is AI-assisted harassment at scale. Some tools can automatically generate large volumes of insulting, threatening or demeaning messages. Instead of one bully sending repeated texts, AI can automate dozens or hundreds of abusive comments in minutes. This creates the illusion that “everyone” is attacking the victim, intensifying fear and isolation.

AI chatbots can also be misused. A bully might manipulate a chatbot to produce harmful content about a specific person and then share screenshots as if they are “proof” of wrongdoing. Although AI systems do not have intentions, they can produce misleading or offensive responses when prompted in harmful ways.

Additionally, AI-powered image editing tools make it easy to alter photos subtly – changing facial expressions, body shapes or surroundings – to embarrass or shame someone. What once required advanced technical skills can now be done in seconds on a smartphone.

The impact of AI-driven cyberbullying is severe. Because the content can look highly realistic, victims may feel powerless to defend themselves. The speed of digital sharing means harm spreads before adults can intervene. Emotional consequences may include anxiety, depression, withdrawal from school activities and, in extreme cases, self-harm.

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However, awareness empowers protection. Students should learn to:

Question suspicious images, videos or audio clips.

Avoid sharing unverified content.

Report abusive material immediately to a trusted adult or school authority.

Preserve evidence (screenshots, links) instead of responding emotionally.

Schools must strengthen digital literacy programmes to include lessons on AI manipulation. Parents should maintain open conversations about online experiences without rushing to blame or punish. Reporting systems—both within schools and on digital platforms—should be clear and accessible.

AI itself is not the bully; people misuse it. The solution lies not in fear of technology but in responsible use, ethical education and strong community support. When students understand how AI can be weaponized, they are better equipped to defend themselves and others in the digital space.

By Ashford Kimani

Ashford teaches English and Literature in Gatundu North Sub-county and serves as Dean of Studies