The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Database estimates that more than half the world’s population lives in cities. It projects that 6 in 10 people will be urban dwellers by 2030. By 2050, the figure is expected to rise to 6.5 billion people, representing two-thirds of all civilisation.
In the vibrant and diverse landscape of Kenya, the call for sustainable cities and settlements, alongside responsible consumption and production, resonates deeply. Considering the increasing rural-to-urban migration and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world, it is clear that cities face a myriad of problems that may hinder planned growth and development, as advocated by SDG 11 — to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
The provision of safe goods and services, which is key towards a nation’s growth, is also a challenge affecting many households in the country. This raises questions about Kenya’s efforts to meet SDG 12 — sustainable consumption and production — by 2030. Despite the rapid increase in population, urbanisation in Kenya is not just a spatial or demographic phenomenon, but a force that, if steered and deployed correctly, can be effective in addressing major challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation.
Proportional increases in the urban population and the spatial expansion of cities have an impact on social, behavioural, political, economic, and environmental dimensions. Urban life influences consumption and production patterns, as well as levels and rates of urban socio-economic activities, growth and development. It is therefore essential that the government strive to balance two goals aimed at meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Ensuring cities and human settlements are inclusive, safe, resilient, and more sustainable requires maximum attention from both local, regional, and national governments to work towards achieving these goals. Cities are commonly assumed to be the hubs for ideas, commerce, culture, science, productivity, social development and much more. At their best, cities have enabled people to advance socially and economically through not only the creation of jobs but also providing opportunities. Sustainable consumption and production also play a preponderant role in ensuring that cities and settlements thrive adequately.
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Despite all that, challenges still exist, as in some situations, land and resources are greatly restricted when trying to maintain cities and enhance both production and consumption. Corruption in the country has significantly hindered growth in various sectors crucial for development and production. Good transport networks are key to ensuring easier accessibility and links to multiple places. The environment itself must be reasonably attractive and favourable for settlement.
Waste management is another critical aspect of sustainable consumption. Disposing of waste effectively through advanced recycling mechanisms and measures can significantly reduce environmental pollution and promote a healthier economy. Investing in waste management infrastructure and encouraging recycling initiatives can help mitigate the adverse effects of waste on our communities and ecosystems.
Technology is an aspect that cannot be overstated. Digitalisation and technological advancements should be considered, as they are the backbone in ensuring resilience. Both the public and private sectors should prioritise investing in programs that will foster rapid national growth and increase advocacy.
The challenges that cities in Kenya face need to be overcome in ways that enable them to continue thriving and growing, while improving resource use and reducing pollution and poverty levels. Consumer awareness campaigns play a crucial role in driving responsible consumption. Public education on the benefits of sustainable products encourages informed choices that support both local economies and the environment.
In summary, endorsing a stand-alone goal for championing SDGs 11 and 12 can help us create a future where urban spaces, in relation to cities and settlements, are inclusive, resilient, and environmentally friendly, and where production and consumption patterns reflect our commitment to sustainability. It’s essential to note that the vision of a Kenya where sustainable cities thrive and responsible consumption is the norm is within our grasp. Summarising and uniting our efforts will be crucial for change to a more equitable and sustainable society for generations to come.
By Joyblessed Munyendo
Student – Rongo University, Migori
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